Machine learning, bootstrapping, null models and why we are still not 100% sure which marks were made by crocodiles

Data science and open science are two of the more interesting developments in recent years that influence how research is conducted and disseminated. Data science generally draws on sophisticated, newly accessible methods of quantitative analysis as applied to large data sets, and this field is rapidly evolving. Open science represents a drive to make the…

Major patterns of damage location in Hunzicker Folsom replicas, showing concentration on tip and blade (from Hunzicker Reference Hunzicker2005:Figure 7).

Parts and Wholes: Reduction Allometry and Modularity in Experimental Folsom Points

Projectile points are a common subject of archaeological study. In the past decade, landmark-based geometric morphometrics (LGM) has increasingly been used to analyze points as whole objects. LGM and other studies document allometric changes in points—change in shape with change in size—as a product of resharpening. Allometry registers in part because different segments or modules of points…